The requirements of Patent are:

1. Novelty: To be eligible for a patent, the invention must be new and novel. This means that it must not have been publicly disclosed or made available to the public in any way before the patent application is filed. It’s important to keep your invention confidential until you have filed a patent application.
2. Usefulness: The invention must have a practical use or utility. It cannot be purely theoretical or speculative. The industry should be interested in the invention.
3. Non-Obviousness: The invention must not be obvious to someone skilled in the relevant field. In other words, it should involve an inventive step that would not be obvious to an expert in that field.
4. Patentable Subject Matter: Not all inventions can be patented. In some jurisdictions, laws may exclude certain types of inventions from patent protection, such as abstract ideas or laws of nature. The section 3 and section 4 of the Indian Patent Act in India discuss the patentable and non patentable subject matter in detail.

Patents serve several important purposes:

1. Encouraging Innovation: Patents provide inventors with a limited monopoly over their inventions, giving them an incentive to invest time, effort, and resources into developing new and useful technologies.
2. Disclosure of Information: Patents require inventors to publicly disclose the details of their inventions. This disclosure contributes to the advancement of knowledge in various fields and allows others to build upon existing innovations.
3. Economic Incentive: By having exclusive rights, inventors can potentially profit from their inventions through licensing, selling, or using them to create new products or services.
4. Legal Protection: Patents offer legal protection against unauthorized use or copying of an invention, enabling inventors to take legal action against those who infringe on their patent rights.

To obtain a patent, an inventor must typically file a patent application with the relevant government patent office. This application includes detailed information about the invention, its novelty, its utility, and its potential advantages over existing technologies. The patent office examines the application to determine if the invention meets the criteria for patentability, such as novelty and non-obviousness. If granted, a patent provides the inventor with exclusive rights to the invention for a specified period, usually 20 years from the filing date.

It’s important to note that the process of obtaining a patent can be complex and requires careful consideration of intellectual property laws and regulations. If you’re considering applying for a patent, it’s recommended to seek advice from intellectual property professionals or legal experts to ensure that you navigate the process correctly.

The eligibility to file for a patent depends on several factors, including the nature of the invention, the jurisdiction in which you are seeking the patent, and the specific requirements of patent laws. Generally, the following entities or individuals can file for a patent:

1. Inventors: The primary and most common category of individuals eligible to file for a patent are the inventors themselves. An inventor is someone who has contributed to the conception and creation of the invention. If you have created a new and non-obvious invention, you can typically file for a patent.
2. Co-Inventors: If multiple individuals have jointly contributed to the invention, they can file for a patent as co-inventors. All co-inventors should be listed on the patent application.
3. Employer or Assignee: In some cases, the rights to an invention might belong to an employer or an entity that has contracted the inventor to create the invention. If the invention was created within the scope of employment or through a contractual arrangement, the employer or entity might have the right to file for the patent.
4. Legal Representatives: In certain circumstances, legal representatives or agents might be authorized to file for a patent on behalf of the inventor. This is common when the inventor is unable to file themselves, such as due to illness or legal reasons.
5. Universities and Research Institutions: In many cases, universities and research institutions can file for patents on inventions that result from research conducted within their facilities. The inventor might still need to be involved in the process.
6. Government Organizations: Government entities involved in research and development might also be eligible to file for patents on inventions that arise from their activities.

It’s important to note that the specifics of who can file for a patent can vary by jurisdiction and the type of patent (e.g., utility, design, plant). Additionally, patent laws often require that the patent application accurately and thoroughly discloses the invention’s details, and inventors are generally required to be named in the application.

If you’re considering filing for a patent, it’s advisable to consult with a patent attorney or intellectual property professional to ensure that you understand the eligibility requirements and follow the correct procedures for your specific situation and jurisdiction.